Net profit

Profit margin
Markup

How it works

Margin and markup describe the same profit from two different angles, and confusing them is one of the most common pricing mistakes. Margin expresses profit as a share of the price you charge; markup expresses it as a share of what the item cost you.

Because the denominators differ, markup is always the larger number. A 25% margin is a 33.3% markup on the same pair of figures.

Margin % = (Revenue − Cost) ÷ Revenue × 100 · Markup % = (Revenue − Cost) ÷ Cost × 100

  • Revenue — the price you charge, excluding sales tax
  • Cost — what the goods or service cost you to deliver
  • Profit — revenue minus cost

Worked example

Selling an item for 200 that costs you 150

Inputs

Revenue200
Cost150

Results

Net profit50
Profit margin25.0%
Markup33.3%

Applying a 25% markup instead of a 25% margin would have priced the item at 187.50 and cut the profit from 50 to 37.50.

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between margin and markup?

Margin is profit as a percentage of revenue; markup is profit as a percentage of cost. Markup is always the higher figure. Pricing to a target margin and pricing to the same-numbered markup give different prices.

Is this gross or net margin?

It depends on the cost you enter. Enter only direct costs and you get gross margin; include overheads, salaries and other operating costs and you get net margin.

Should I include sales tax, VAT or GST?

No. Use figures excluding tax. Sales tax is collected on behalf of the government and is not revenue, so including it overstates your margin.

What does a negative margin mean?

Your cost exceeds your revenue — you are losing money on each sale. The calculator shows this as a negative profit and a negative margin percentage rather than hiding it.

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