True annual cost

Cost per productive day
Cost per productive hour
Multiplier on salary
Productive days per year
Cost beyond the salary

How it works

Salary is typically 65–80% of what an employee actually costs. Employer social contributions, insurance, equipment, software licences and a share of workspace all sit on top, and none of them appear in the offer letter.

The comparison against a contractor rate is where this becomes a decision tool. A contractor charging double the equivalent hourly rate is often still cheaper once you account for the employee’s paid leave, benefits and the overheads that come with a permanent headcount.

True cost = salary × (1 + contributions) + benefits + overheads

  • Loaded cost — everything the business pays to employ one person for a year
  • Productive days — working days less leave, holidays and sick days
  • Break-even day rate — the contractor rate equivalent to the employee’s daily cost

Worked example

A 1,800,000 salary with 14% contributions, 240,000 of benefits and 360,000 of overheads

Inputs

Salary1,800,000
Contributions14%
Benefits240,000
Overheads360,000

Results

True annual cost2,652,000
Cost per productive day12,055
Multiplier on salary1.47×

The employee costs 47% more than the salary suggests. A contractor at 12,000 a day is roughly cost-neutral.

Frequently asked questions

What overheads should I include?

Anything that scales with headcount: workspace, equipment, software seats, training, recruitment amortised over expected tenure, and management time. A common shortcut is 15–25% of salary.

Why is the cost per productive day so much higher than salary ÷ 365?

Because you pay for around 250 working days and get fewer once leave, public holidays, sickness and training are removed. Dividing by calendar days understates the daily cost by roughly a third.

Is a contractor cheaper if the day rate is lower than this figure?

On direct cost, yes — but the comparison is not complete. Contractors carry no notice obligation and no benefits, while employees build institutional knowledge and are available for whatever comes up. The number informs the decision; it does not make it.

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