Monthly repayment

Debt service coverage ratio
Total interest
Annual debt service
Arrangement fee
Lender view

How it works

The repayment itself is a standard amortising calculation. What makes a business loan different is the debt service coverage ratio: the annual operating profit divided by the annual loan payments.

Lenders almost always set a minimum coverage covenant, commonly 1.25. Below that the loan is unlikely to be approved, and if the ratio falls below it later the covenant can be breached even while every payment is being made on time. It is worth checking before applying rather than after.

DSCR = annual operating profit ÷ annual debt service

  • Debt service — twelve months of loan repayments
  • DSCR — how many times profit covers those repayments
  • Effective rate — the true annual cost once arrangement fees are included

Worked example

Borrowing 8,000,000 over 5 years at 13% with a 1.5% fee, against 4,200,000 of operating profit

Inputs

Loan8,000,000
Rate13%
Term5 years
Fee1.5%
Operating profit4,200,000

Results

Monthly payment182,025
DSCR1.92×
Total interest2,921,475

A DSCR of 1.92 gives real headroom — profit could fall by nearly half before the covenant came under pressure.

Frequently asked questions

What DSCR will a lender want?

Typically at least 1.25, and often 1.4 or higher for unsecured lending or riskier sectors. Below 1.0 the business does not generate enough to cover the repayments at all.

Should I borrow over a longer term to improve the ratio?

It does improve coverage by lowering the annual payment, and it also raises total interest substantially. Match the term to the life of what you are funding — do not finance three-year equipment over ten.

Are arrangement fees negotiable?

Frequently, particularly for larger facilities or where you have competing offers. Because the fee is charged up front, it affects the effective rate far more on a short loan than a long one.

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